A Brief Biography of Saiyidina Uthman bin Affan RA

Saiyidina Uthman bin Affan RA embraced Islam in the very early days of Islam through the counselling of Saiyidina Abu Bakr RA. Saiyidina Uthman RA was married to Ruqayyah RA, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.

Due to the unbearable torture of the Quraysh, the early Muslims of that time made Mashuarah, and Saiyidina Uthman bin Affan RA and his wife Ruqayyah RA migrated to Abyssinia . This was the first Muslim family which migrated in the Path of Allah.

Later, upon hearing that the situation in Makkah was not as bad as before, they returned to Makkah. Unfortunately, within some time, the Disbelievers increased their torture upon the Muslims. Thus, the couple migrated to Madinah.

During the time of the Battle of Badr, Saiyidina Uthman RA's wife - Ruqayyah RA became very ill, and passed away. At that time, the Prophet Muhammad SAW was away participating in the Battle of Badr.

After some time, the Prophet Muhammad SAW, upon being pleased with Saiyidina Uthman RA - married him to his (SAW) other daughter - Umm Kulthum RA, who is the second daughter of the Holy Prophet SAW. This is Saiyidina Uthman bin Affan RA was given the unique title of - "Dhun-Nurain" (The Possessor of Two Lights).

Saiyidina Uthman RA had been appointed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW to write and record the revelations of the Holy Qur'an throughout his (SAW) lifetime. Saiyidina Uthman RA participated in many campaigns and was responsible for many conquests to allow the Islamic state extended. Due to the enormous expansion of the Islamic state, various groups were reciting the Holy Qur'an in different ways. Saiydina Uthman RA was endowed with the understanding of the Qur'an and memorised the text by heart. He also had an excellent understanding of it. Thus, Saiyidina Uthman RA ordered to distribute copies of the Qur'an compiled during the time of Saiyidina Abu Bakr RA and destroyed all the others.

Once, several Muslim tribes of Madinah had great difficulty in finding water for their daily use. In solving this hardship, Saiyidina Uthman RA bought a well called "Bir Rumah" from a Jew, and this was for the use of the Muslims. This was the first non-profit Islamic trust in Islam. Saiyidina Uthman RA donated very generously during the various campaigns and expeditions of the Muslims at that time. For the Battle of Tabuk, otherwise known as the Campaign of Hardship - Saiyidina Uthman RA donated immensely. The Prophet Muhammad SAW gave Saiyidina Uthman RA the glad tidings of Paradise for his noble acts.

Saiyidina Uthman RA was later chosen as the third Caliph from the advisory council appointed by Saiyidina Umar RA.

Saiyidina Uthman RA was responsible for extending the Prophet Muhammad SAW's Mosque twice during his period as Caliph of the Muslims. An interesting point to note is that where the present Imam leads the Solat in Masjid Nabawi today is the same spot where Saiyidina Uthman RA used to stand and lead as Imam.

The third Caliph of Islam RA made many contributions to Islam in many ways. Unfortunately, he became a victim of the conspiracies of Ibn Saba, a Jewish hypocrite with whom some disgruntled Muslims cooperated with. The culprits murdered Saiyidina Uthman RA when he was reciting the Qur'an in his house. The house of Saiyidina Uthman RA at that time was located outside the door of Baqee.

Saiyidina Uthman RA was 82 years old at the time of his martyrdom. He did not fight his opponent since it would cause bloodshed among Muslims. He chose to rather sacrifice his own life for Allah's sake. Allahu Akbar. Infact, his martyrdom was predicted by the Holy Prophet Muhammad SAW.

It has been narrated that once the Holy Prophet Muhammad SAW went to Mount Uhud with his Companions RA - Saiyidina Abu Bakr RA, Saiyidina Umar RA and Saiyidina Uthman RA. The mountain started trembling.

The Prophet Muhammad SAW tapped the mountain with his foot and said:

"Stop trembling, because there is a Prophet, a Siddiq and two Martyrs (i.e. Saiyidina Umar RA and Saiyidina Uthman RA) standing on you. The mountain stopped trembling immediately."

May Allah SWT give us the ability to take heed from the lives of the Khulafa-Ar-Rashideen.

May Allah SWT also give us the ability to live our lives according to the way taught by the Prophet Muhammad SAW.

Ameen.

Understanding The Battle of Jamal & Other Important Issues

Salams

Upon my return from my Eid vacation, a discussion commenced between myself and Brother Ahmad Suffian. It was not a long discussion, but the issues brought forward were extremely important for all Muslims to understand correctly. Thus, as vowed - I have taken the time to lay this out in order - to share with other Muslims who wish to better themselves. What I have done is combine and compact the treatises from the Ulama of the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah, pious scholars of Haqq - about the Battle of Jamal, and other related issues of importance. All I ask is for you to read this entry with great patience, and an open heart - with the Fear of Allah, the Love of Rasulullah SAW, and the Honour of the Sahabah RA. May Allah Ta'ala make this beneficial for all of us. Ameen.

Abu Khadijah Damansari
Monday, 11 Shawwal 1428 Hijri, 22 October 2007


THE CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS LEADING TO THE BATTLE OF JAMAL & OTHER IMPORTANT MATTERS

As Summarised & Ellaborated from Al Bidayah Wan Nihayah: Volume 7: Page 230

The third Khalifah - Saiyidina Uthman bin Affan RA was murdered just after the days of Tashreeq - after Hajj. The wives of Rasulullah SAW had, after completing the rites of Hajj just left Makkah Mukarramah on their return journey to Madinah Munawwarah. Upon receiving the news of the murder of Saiyidina Uthman RA, they changed the direction of their journey and returned to Makkah.

The Muslims at that time were in utter turmoil. Saiyidina Ali ibn Abi Talib RA had taken the Bai'at (pledge of allegiance) from the people of Madinah and the assassins of Saiyidina Uthman RA. Saiyidina Ali RA felt that it would be more appropriate to allow the turmoil and confusion to settle and only thereafter avenge the blood of Saiyidina Uthman RA. Others however differed and thought it of greater importance to first avenge the blood of the assassinated Khalifah.
Thus, a group of senior and eminent Sahabah RA including Talhah ibn Ubaidullah RA and Zubair bin Awwam RA gathered in Makkah and persuaded Ummul-Mu'mineen - Saiyidatina A'ishah RA to help them unite the Muslims and therafter demand the requital of the blood of Saiyidina Uthman RA. Saiyidatina A'ishah RA agreed and it was decided that they would proceed to Basrah in Iraq. The rest of the wives of Rasulullah SAW refused to join A'ishah RA and returned to Madinah. Although Hafsah RA agreed to join A'ishah RA, her brother - the eminent Abdullah ibn Umar RA did not allow her to join the campaign to Basrah.


Elaboration

With a closer study of the Battle of Jamal and the events leading to it, of which most are mentioned above - it is important for all Muslims to understand four important facts:


1. Ummul Mu'mineen A'ishah RA was not the leader of the army. The army neither considered making her their leader at the time of suggesting her accompaniment nor later during the course of the expedition. She was not regarded as their leader. Talhah RA and Zubair RA had asked her to accompany them so that she could use her influence to convince the masses of the nobility of their cause. This is why the rest of the wives of Rasulullah SAW were also requested to accompany the expedition and Hafsah RA had even accepted the request, though not permitted to go by her brother.


2. Neither was Ummul Mu'mineen A'ishah RA intending to capture the Caliphate from Saiyidina Ali RA, nor were Talhah RA and Zubair RA intending to do so. They were only demanding that the assassins of Saiydina Uthman RA be brought to task. Infact, they had barely thought of meeting and going against the forces of Saiyidina Ali RA in battle. This is as per explanation from the ellaboration of Sahih Bukhari - Fathul Baari: Volume 3: Page 56.

The classical scholar, Sheikhul Islam Ibn Taymiyyah RA writes:

"Neither did A'ishah RA fight (in the battle) nor did she leave (her home) in order to fight. She had only intended to create peace among the Muslims and thought that the Muslims would benefit by her leaving (for Basrah etc.)...

They did not have any intention of fighting on the day of Jamal. The battle however took place without their choice. Because when Saiyidina Ali RA, Talha RA and Zubair RA had negotiated and agreed on reconciliation; and that after they had settled (amongst them) they would seek the assassins..."

The assassins therefore feared that Saiydina Ali RA would agree with them (Zubair RA and Talha RA) to capture them, and they therefore captured the camp of Talha RA and Zubair RA. They (in reaction) thought that Saiydina Ali RA had attacked them and in defence attacked the camp of Saiydina Ali RA. Saiyidina Ali RA thought that Talha RA and Zubair RA had attacked him and retaliated in defence. The battle thus occurred without their choice (unintentionally). Ummul Mu'mineen A'ishah RA was seated (on the camel); and neither did she fight nor did she command anyone to do so. This is based on the narration and explanation from the kitab - Minhajus Sunnah: Volume 2: Page 185.


3. Many of the Sahabah RA of the Prophet Muhammad SAW disagreed with Ummul Mu'mineen A'ishah RA participation in the campaign. Many had infact written to her expressing their dissatisfaction.

Umm Salma RA wrote her a lengthy letter admonishing her:

"Had Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam known that women are able to endure (the difficulties of) Jihad, he would have entrusted you! Do you not know that he (Rasulullah SAW) had prohibited you from travelling in the cities? Verily the pillar of Deen neither remains firm with women nor wealth and it cannot be repaired by women if it has to crack (break). The Jihad of women is the lowering of the gaze and the drawing of the hem and the intending of modesty. What would you say to Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam if he has to object to some of these mistakes - sitting on a camel travelling from place to place? I take an oath that if it has to be said to me: "O Umm Salmah! Enter Jannah! I would be ashamed to meet Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam while I had torn a veil (barrier) he had placed over me. Therefore make it your veil (barrier) also..." - as narrated in Al Aqdul Fareed: Volume 5: Page 66.

We should also be aware and understand that Ummul Mu'mineen A'ishah RA had written a letter to Zayd bin Suhan RA encouraging him to join Talha RA and Zubair RA and if he disagrees, he should dissuade the masses from joining Saiyidina Ali RA.

Zayd bin Suhan RA replied to her correspondence:

"...Verily I am your loyal son. If you leave and return home, (then I will obey you) - otherwise, I would be the first to oppose you."

Zayd bin Suhan RA also said:

"May Allah have mercy on Ummul Mu'mineen. She has been commanded to stay in her home and we have been commanded to fight..." - as per narration from Ibnul Atheer: Volume 3: Page 216.

Hafiz Ibn Hajar RA narrated that after the battle, Ammar bin Yasir RA (who was at that time in the camp of Saiyidina Ali RA) said to A'ishah RA:

"How distant is this journey from the command that was imposed on you!" (referring to the Verse of the Holy Qur'an: "And remain in your homes" - the command of Hijab and Hayaa for women.)

A'ishah RA replied:

"Are you Abul Yaqdhan?"

He replied in the affirmative, upon which she said:

"In the name of Allah, ever since I know, you always speak the truth."

Ammar bin Yasir RA then said:

"All praises are due to Allah who has decided in my favour on your tongue." - this is as per narrated and explained in Fathul Bari: Volume 13: Page 58.


4. It is important for all Muslims to be aware and have knowledge that Ummul Mu'mineen A'ishah RA later regretted joining the above expedition to Basrah as is clear from the above narration.

Later in her life she would say:

"I wish I had stayed behind just as others (from the Ummahatul Mumineen RA and the many other Sahabah RA) had stayed behind..." - as per narrated and explained in Fathul Bari: Volume 13: Page 55.

A'ishah RA also said:

"I wish I were a fresh twig and I had not undertaken my journey..."

It is narrated that whenever A'ishah RA used to recite the Qur'anic verse:

"And remain in your homes..."

- she would cry so excessively that her veil would become soaked - as quoted and explained in Siyar A'lam un Nubala: Volume 8: Page 80.


UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF RESPECTING AND REVERING THE KNOWLEDGE, DECISIONS AND ACTIONS OF THE SAHABAH RADHIALLAHU'AHUM

Sheikhul Hadith Muhammad Zakariyya Khandalwi RA has written in his kitab, Al-I'tidaal on the subject of the difference of opinions among the Honourable Sahabah RA. The Battle of Jamal was a fierce clash, in which twenty thousand men were martyred. Many Companions RA of the Prophet SAW died in the battle. But when the battle had started, and just before it grew heated, Saiydina Ali RA rode forward and called Zubair RA from the opposition's ranks.

They embraced and shed tears, and Saiyidina Ali RA asked him:

"What has compelled you to come and oppose me?"

- to which Zubair RA replied:

"Vengeance for the murder of Uthman (RA)."

The conversation then continued for a length of time. This is the conduct of two people who are sitting with drawn swords ready for battle. The battle took place after this conversation and Saiyidina Ali RA's force was victorious. Many people from the opposing force were captured. Some of Saiyidina Ali RA's men pressed for them to be executed, but Saiyidina Ali RA denied them this and instead retook the pledge from the captives and forgave them. Saiyidina Ali RA declared the wealth of the defeated as booty but spared their lives from captivity.

Some argued that if these people's wealth was to be taken as booty then they too should be enslaved. At first Saiyidina Ali RA refused to consider it, then upon increasing pressure finally retorted and said:

"Alright, then first tell me who of you is prepared to take A'ishah RA in their share?!!"

The gathered people repented and said:

"We seek Allah's forgiveness, this cannot be."

Saiyidina Ali RA responded:

"And I also seek the forgiveness of Allah."


To Be Wise in Seeking Judgement and To Take Heed in the Conduct of the Sahabah RA

Do any of us keep safe the dignity of those who oppose us? To have a sword risen against ourselves in confrontation and hostility is a big thing, could we match the courtesy of these noble men towards each other when facing each other with blades, with someone who we have difference with.

At the end of the conflict of the Battle of Jamal, Ummul Mu'mineen A'ishah RA's camel collapsed due to injury.

Saiyidina Ali RA quickly ordered:

"See that the Mother of the Ummah received no discomfort!"

Then Saiyidina Ali RA made his way over to Aishah RA's camel and said:

"Mother dear, did you receive any discomfort? May Allah forgive you your mistake."

Aishah RA replied:

"May Allah forgive you too."

Let us learn here that this was the courtesy between two opponents, and their great respect for each other. If we ever gain the upper over an enemy, will we be compassionate towards anything from that person's life, possessions and dignity?


Lessons From The Battle of Siffin, and the relationship between Mu'awiyah RA and Ali RA

Sifeen is the name of the well-known battle that took place between Saiyidina Ali RA and Saiydina Mu'awiyah RA. Several historians have documented that during the battle, by day the two forces fought, by night they attended each other's burial rituals and prayers. And whenever one faction had a problem, they would send someone to the other faction to see it resolved; this was the state of their faith in religion.

The Caesar of the Rome sought to take advantage of this civil war, and intended to mount an expedition against them. When Mu'awiyah received intelligence on this matter, he sent a letter saying:

"If you settle upon fulfilling your intention then I swear to you I will make peace with my friend (Saiyidina Ali RA). Then when he sends an army against you, I will join the first squadron and I will burn Constantinople to ashes, chop up your empire and cast it aside like scraps."

The details of this matter are that the Caesar of Rome had sent Mu'awiyah RA a letter saying:

"Ali is troubling you, should I send a Legion of troops to aid you?"

Upon this Mu'awiyah RA replied:

"O Christian dog, you wish to take advantage of the friction between Ali (RA) and myself? Remember this, if you cast even a pointed glance at Ali RA, then I will be the first of Ali's (RA) soldiers to tear your eyes out."

In the same way, it has been narrated from Saiyidina Mu'awiyah RA that he swore an oath and said:

"Ali (RA) is better than me and is more virtuous than me, and my only difference with him is upon the matter of retribution for Uthman (RA). If he gains retribution for the murder of Uthman (RA) then I will be the first of the Syrians to take the pledge at his hands."

During the reign of Mu'awiyah RA, an incident occurred in which a man named Ibn Khaibiri caught his wife committing adultery and killed her in his rage. The case reached Mu'awiyah RA and he was stumped at what judgement to pass. The punishment for murder is the death penalty, but the crime had taken place under strange circumstances. Mu'awiyah wrote to Musa Asha'ri RA to ask Saiyidina 'Ali RA regarding this case and to write back his answer.

Could any of us express our ignorance in such a way before a political adversary regarding a reciprocal litigation, and ask an opinion too? Our condition is such that the statements of our political adversaries are not plausible enough nor are they worthy of being asked their opinion on any matter.

Sheikh Muhammad Yusuf Khandalwi RA in Hayatus Sahabah has preserved for us the narration of Dharar ibn Dhamarah Kanani RA, who was part of Saiyidina Ali RA's camp. He once visited Saiyidina Mu'awiyah RA some time after Saiyidina Ali RA had passed away.

Mu'awiyah RA asked him to eulogise Saiyidina Ali RA.

Dharar RA asked:

"Will Amirul Mu'mineen excuse (me) from doing this?"

- to which Mu'awiyah RA replied:

"Absolutely not, I insist."

Dharar RA said:

"If you insist then listen, by Allah, Saiyidina Ali RA was a man of great status and strength. He spoke concisely and judged justly. Knowledge frothed from his every pore and his wisdom was eloquently forthcoming. He ostracised the world and all its beauty and was familiar with the darkness of the night. I swear by Allah, his tears were plentiful, his consideration was great and he would turn his palms upward and he would question his own conscious. He liked simple clothing and ate the food of simple people. By Allah, he would live amongst us as if he was just like us, and when we were with him he would sit us close and answer our questions. But despite his friendliness and humbleness we still could not speak in awe of his powerful aura. He respected the pious and loved the destitute. Even the strongest of people were despondent of succeeding in their evil intentions in his presence, and even the weakest of people were confident of his fairness. I make Allah my witness that I saw him several times in the darkness of the night, sitting in his Mehrab, clenching his beard in such anxiety, like he had been bitten by a poisonous creature, and crying like he was deeply aggrieved, and it is as if I can still hear him today, repeating again and again, "O my Lord... O my Lord..." - and then he would address the world and say, "Do you only wish to ensnare me, and do you only beautify yourself for me? Go away from me, find someone else to ensnare, I divorce you threefold. Your lifespan is too short and your company is base, and your problems are diminutive. Oh, oh, my provisions for the Hereafter are few and the journey is so long, and the road is dangerous."

After hearing this, Saiyidina Mu'awiyah RA wept until his beard was drenched with tears, and he began to wipe his eyes with his sleeves, and his companions were also breathless with grief.

Then Saiyidina Mu'awiyah RA said:

"You speak the truth. Abul Hasan (the patronymic of Saiyidina Ali RA) was like that, may Allah have Mercy on him."

Saiyidina Mu'awiyah asked Dharar RA:

"Dharar, how great is your grief upon his demise?"

Dharar RA replied:

"Like the grief of a mother whose only child has been sacrificed in her lap, that her tears can be staunched and her grief will never diminish."

After that Dharar RA got up and left.

Verily, Saiyidina Ali ibn Abi Talib RA was part of the completion of Islam, for these prevalent reasons all of that had to occur in this era.

It is for this reason that we understand why the Prophet Muhammad SAW had said:

"Ana Darul Hikmah, Wa Ali Babuha."
("I am the home of wisdom and Ali is its door.")

Almost all the paths to Suluk, Tasawwuf and spiritual knowledge began from Saiyidina Ali RA.


The Umayyads and the Progeny of Saiyidina Ali RA

It has been narrated that when Hasan RA - the son of Saiyidina Ali RA was given poison and it began to act, he sent his younger brother, Husain RA to A'ishah RA to seek her permission to be buried in her house near his maternal grandfather - the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Though a severe battle, like the Battle of Jamal had taken place between her and Saiyidina Ali RA, Ummul Mu'mineen A'ishah RA gladly gave permission.

Thereafter Hasan RA said to Husain RA:

"Perhaps, in my lifetime, due to having a sense of modesty and consideration for me, she may have permitted, but seek her permission again after my death. If she willingly permits, then bury me there, otherwise bury me in the general graveyard."

When Husain RA sought her permission again after his brother's death, A'ishah RA said:

"Yes, yes, with greatest respect."

For the Sahabah RA, observance of personal respect and discipline remained the order of life, even during conflicts and mutual antagonism.

Later, the Umayyah tribe members opposed the burial of Hasan RA next to the grave of the Prophet SAW saying that Uthman RA (the third Caliph) was deprived of this privilege, and so should Hasan RA.

Nevertheless, Husain RA pushed forward the ruler of Madinah, Sa'eed ibn Al-Aas (who was an Ummayad), to lead the funeral prayer, and said, "This is the Sunnah" .


A FINAL WORD

There is actually a lot more to write and explain, but to stop things from getting too long, we hope that this is generously sufficient for the average Muslim intellect to grab important pointers on how to view the Sahabah RA, and understand their actions and reactions.

It is the rule in the Islam i.e. the rule of the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah that there is absolutely no scope of permission for anyone to slight, or accuse or speak ill about any of the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Allah SWT is pleased with the Sahabah RA, and they (RA) are pleased with Allah. RadhiAllahu'Anhum Wa Radhu'Anh.

Since there have been numerous virtues narrated about each one of them, it is necessary that we only harbour good thoughts about all of them. It is not permissible i.e. Haraam in the Shari'ah to slight anyone of them. Not even in the least way.

The Prophet Muhammad SAW said:

"(Fear) Allah! (Fear) Allah! Regarding my Sahabah (RA).
Do not make them targets after me ( i.e. after my demise)."

The Courage of Women

Many times in our outings to the local Masjid, we hear and learn about numerous events of bravery and heroism regarding the Noble Companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad SAW. We learn about the heroism of Hamzah RA, the bravery of Bilal bin Rabah RA, and the steadfastness of Sa'ad RA. Rarely do we learn about the Female Companions of the Holy Prophet SAW - on the subject of courage and bravery.


Safiyyah RA

There are infact countless female Companions of the Holy Prophet SAW who demonstrated their bravery and courage for Islam. One of these was Safiyyah RA who was the daughter of Abdul Muttalib, hence the aunt of the prophet Muhammad SAW. She has the privilage and honour of being the only paternal aunt of the Prophet SAW to accept Islam. The pinnacle of her bravery became apparent during the famous Battle of Khandaq (Battle of the Trench). During this battle the women were being protected in the strongest fort of the Ansars, which belonged to Hassan RA. This fort happened to be adjacent to the Jewish tribe Banu Quraizah. During the onslaught, the Jews turned their attention to this fort. Safiyyah RA spotted one of the Jews approaching the gate of the fort, intending to attack. Therefore she informed Hassan RA to confront and kill the Jew. However, he was unable to carry out his protective duties due to him not being well. At this point the valour and bravery surfaced within Safiyyah RA. She took a large peg nail off the tent, went down to the gate, and amazingly confronted the Jew herself. She struck the Jew in his head with such force that he fell to the ground dead. Having returned to the fort she asked Hassan RA to go and bring the clothes, weapons and more importantly the head of the Jew. This he declined. So Safiyyah RA went herself and returned with the head of the Jew, after severing it herself. She then threw this head amongst the Jews, who became certain that there were fighters inside the fort, weakening their spirits. The Jews then never launched another attack.


Ummi Saleem RA

Another famous female Companion of the Holy Prophet Muhammad SAW was Ummi Saleem RA. She was not only amongst the blessed and honourable women, but also amongst the courageous and brave ones whom the Prophet Muhammad used to take along with him during battles to nurse the injured soldiers of Islam on the battlefield. This in itself requires a great deal of courage as well as conviction. Ummi Saleem participated in the battles of Uhud and Khaybar where her bravery was not signified as much as it was during the battle of Hunain, where after being asked why she was carrying a dagger, she replied:

"If any non-believer comes near me I shall tear open his abdomen with it!"

This is just one more of the numerous incidents highlighting the courage of the Muslim women in self-defense and the defense of other women during the time of the Holy Prophet SAW.

The Failure of Ka'ab bin Malik RA to Join the Tabuk Expedition

Among the Munafiqin who did not join the Tabuk expedition, there were more than eighty persons from among the Ansar and an equal number from amongst the nomadic Arabs and a large number from the out-stations. Not only did they stay behind themselves, but they induced others to not go by saying:

"Go not forth in the heat."

Allah's reply to this is:

"Say the fire of Hell is of more intense heat."

From amongst the faithful, there were only three persons who failed to rally to the Prophet Muhammad SAW's call. They were:

1. Murarah bin Rabi RA;
2. Hilal bin Umayyah RA; and
3. Ka'ab bin Malik RA.

Murarah RA had orchards of dates, laden with fruit. He persuaded himself to lag behind with the plea:

"I have taken part in all the campaigns so far. What possible harm would befall the Muslims, if I miss this one?"

He feared the loss of his entire crop in his absence, and this prevented him from going out. But when he realised his folly, he gave away in charity the whole crop and garden, too, that had caused him to tarry behind the Prophet Muhammad SAW.

Hilal RA's case was different. Some of his kinsfolk who had been away for a long time had just returned to Madinah. It was for the sake of their company that he did not join the expedition. He also had participated in all the campaigns previously and thought (like Murarah RA) that it would not matter much if he missed just that one campaign. When he came to know of the seriousness of his default, he made up his mind to sever all his connections with those relatives who had been the cause of that blunder.

Ka'ab bin Malik RA himself gives his account in detail, which is quoted in all books of Hadith.

He says:

"I had never been financially so well off as I was at the time of Tabuk. I had two dromedaries (camels) of my own. I had never possessed this number before. It was a habit with the Prophet (SAW) that he never disclosed the destination of his expeditions, but he would keep enquiring about the conditions prevailing elsewhere. But this time in view of the distance, the hot season, and the strength of the enemy, he had declared his destination, so that preparations could be made thorough and complete. The number of the participants was so large that it was difficult to note down their names even, so much so, that absentees could hardly be detected in the large host. The gardens of Madinah were full of fruit. I intended every morning to make preparation for the journey but, somehow or other, the days passed by and I made no progress. I was satisfied that I had all the necessary means at my disposal and that I would be ready in no time if I once did decide to do so.

I was still in this state of indecision when I learnt that the Prophet (SAW) had left with his companions. The idea still lingered in my mind that I would take a day or two to get ready and overtake the party. This procrastination continued till the time for the Prophet's (SAW) arrival in Tabuk drew very near. I then tried to get ready but again, somehow or other, I did not do so. Now, when I came to look at the people left behind, I realised that there was none in Madinah except those who had been condemned as Munafiqin or had been specially exempted from going for certain reasons.

The Prophet (SAW) on reaching Tabuk inquired as well:

"How is it that I do not see Ka'ab?"

Somebody said:

"O, Prophet of Allah - His pride in wealth and ease has caused him to stay behind."

Ma'az interrupted and said:

"No, this is wrong. As far as our knowledge goes, he is a true Muslim."

The Prophet (SAW) however, kept quiet."


Ka'ab bin Malik RA says:

"After a few days I heard the news of the Prophet's (SAW) return. I was struck with grief and remorse. Good excuses one after the other entered my mind, and I was sure that I could escape the Prophet's (SAW) wrath with one of them for the time being, and later on I could pray for forgiveness to Allah. I also sought advice of the wise men of my family in the matter. But when I knew that the Prophet (SAW) had actually arrived, I was convinced that nothing but the truth would save me; so I decided to speak out the plain truth.

It was a habit with the Prophet (SAW) that whenever he returned from a journey he would repair to the masjid, first of all, say two raka'ats "Tahiyyatul Masjid" and then stay there for a while to meet visitors. Now also, as he sat in the musjid, the Munafiqin came and placed before him on solemn oaths, their excuses for failing to accompany him on the campaign. He took them at their words, leaving the rest to Allah.

Just then I came and greeted him with Salaam.

He turned his face with a sardonic smile. I besought him with the words:

"O, Prophet of Allah! You turn your face from me. By Allah! I am neither a Munafiq, nor have I the least doubt in my faith."

He asked me to draw near and I did so.

He then said to me:

"What prevented you from going out? Had you not purchased the dromedaries?"

I made a reply:

"O, Prophet of Allah - If I were dealing with a worldly man, I am sure I would escape his displeasure through (seemingly) reasonable excuses, for Allah has endowed me with the gift of the gab. But in your case I am sure that if I appease you with a false statement, Allah would be displeased with me. And, on the other hand, I am sure that if I displease you by confessing the simple truth, then Allah would very soon blow away your displeasure. I, therefore, make bold to speak the very truth.

By Allah, I had no excuse at all.

I had never been so well to do as I was at that time."

The Prophet (SAW) remarked:

"He is speaking the truth."


He then said to me:

"You go away, Allah will decide about you."

"When I left the masjid, many a man of my clan blamed me and admonished me thus:

"Never before you had committed any wrong; if after making some good excuse for once, you had requested the Prophet (SAW) to pray for your goodness, surely his prayer would have sufficed you."

I inquired of them if there were any more people like me. They informed me that there were two other persons - Hilal bin Umayyah and Murarah bin Rabi, who also had admitted their faults like me and received the same reply from the Prophet (SAW).

I knew that both of them were very good Muslims and had participated in the Campaign of Badr.

The Prophet (SAW) issued instructions that none was to speak with the three of us."

It is a common principle that displeasure is shown where some attachment exists, and a reprimand is given when there is hope for correction. A reprimand to an incorrigible person would be a futile effort.


Ka'ab bin Malik RA continues:

"Under the instructions of the Prophet (SAW), the Sahabah completely boycotted us. Nobody was prepared to mix with or even speak to us. It seemed as if I was living in a strange land altogether. My own birthplace looked like a foreign locality and my bosom friends behaved like strangers.

"The earth, vast as it is, was straightened" (Surah 11: Ayat 113) for me.

The thing that worried me most was that, if I died in this condition, the Prophet (SAW) would not lead my funeral prayer, and if the Prophet (SAW) died in the meantime, I would be doomed forever, with none to talk to me and with none to pray at my funeral.

The other two companions of mine confined themselves to their houses. I was the most daring of the three; I would go to the market, and join the Jamaat for Solat, but nobody would talk to me. I would approach the Prophet (SAW) and say 'Assalaamu'alaikum' and would watch eagerly to see if his lips moved in reply. After Fardh, I used to complete the (sunnat) Solat by standing close to him, and I would look at him from the corner of my eye to learn if he ever cast a single glance at me. I noticed that when I was engaged in Solat he did glance at me, but when I was out of it, he would avert his face from me."


Ka'ab bin Malik RA continues:

"When this complete social boycott became too hard for me to bear, I, one day, climbed up the wall of Qatadah, my dear cousin, and,greeted him with 'Assalaamu'alaikum'. He did not return my greetings.

I said to him:

"For Allah's sake, do answer me one question. Do you not know that I love Allah and His Prophet (SAW)?"

He kept quiet.

Again I repeated my request, but again he would not speak.

When I inquired for the third time, he simply said:

"Allah and His Prophet (SAW) know best."

At this, tears welled out of my eyes and he left me alone."


Ka'ab bin Malik RA says:

"Once, I was passing through a street of Madinah, when I noticed a Coptic Christian, who had come from Syria to sell his grain, inquiring about Kaab bin Malik. When people pointed me out to him, he came and made over a letter to me from the Christian King of Ghassan.

Thus it read:

"We have come to know that your master has ill-treated you. Allah may not keep you in abasement and in disgrace. You had better come to us. We shall extend all help to you."

When I read this letter, I uttered:

"Innalillahi Wa Inna Ilaihi Raaji'uun"
("To Allah we belong and to Him is our return"); and said:

"So my state of affairs (had) reached such an ebb that even the Kafirs were aspiring to draw me away from Islam."

I could not imagine a calamity worse than that. I went and threw the letter into an oven.

Thereafter I presented myself to the Prophet (SAW) and exclaimed:

"O, Prophet of Allah! Your indifference towards me has lowered me to such an extent that even the Kafirs are building up their hopes over me."

When forty days had passed in this condition, a messenger of the Prophet (SAW) brought me this mandate:

"Be separated from your wife."

I inquired:

"Am I to divorce her?"

He replied:

"No, only be separated."

A similar message was delivered to my other two companions as well.

I consequently said to my wife:

"Go to your parents and wait till Allah decides my case."

Hilal's wife went to the Prophet (SAW) and said:

"O, Prophet of Allah! Hilal is an old man and there is nobody else to look after him. If I go away from him, he will perish. If it is not very serious, kindly permit me to keep attending to him."

The Prophet (SAW) replied:

"There is no harm, provided you don't indulge in cohabitation with each other."

She remarked:

"O, Prophet of Allah - He has no urge for such a thing; since the day his ordeal has started, he has been spending his entire time in weeping."

Ka'ab bin Malik RA says:

"It was suggested to me that I might also request the Prophet (SAW) for permission to keep my wife with me for service, but I said (to myself)- Hilal is old, while I am young. I do not know what reply I shall get and, as such, I have no courage to make the request."


Ka'ab bin Malik RA continues:

"Another ten days passed and now our ordeal had lasted for a full fifty days. On the morning of the fiftieth day, when I had said my Fajr prayer and was sitting on the roof of my house stricken with grief, and the earth had "straightened" for me and the life had become dismal for me, I heard a crier's cry from over the top of the Mount Sula:

"Happy tidings to you, O, Ka'ab !."

The moment I heard this, I fell prostrate on the ground and tears of joy rolled down my cheeks, as I understood that the ordeal was now over. In fact, the Prophet (SAW) had announced the Divine forgiveness for all three of us after the Solat that morning. At this, a person ran up the top of the mountain and yelled out the cry that had reached me. Thereafter, a rider came galloping to deliver the same happy news to me.

I gave away as a gift the clothes, I was wearing, to the messenger of gladtidings. I swear by Allah I had no other clothes in my possession at that time. I dressed up by borrowing clothes from some friend and went to the Prophet (SAW). As I entered the musjid, the people in the audience of the Prophet (SAW) ran to congratulate me. Abu Talha (RA) was the first to approach me. He shook my hand with a warmth that I shall never forget.

Thereafter I offered my salutation to the Prophet (SAW). I found his face beaming and radiant like the full moon. This was usual with him at times of extreme joy.

I said to him:

"O, Prophet of Allah! I propose to give away in charity all that I possess as thanks for the acceptance of my Taubah."

He said:

"This will be too much for you. Keep a portion with you."

I agreed to keep my share of the booty that fell in our hands in the Khaibar campaign."

Ka'ab bin Malik RA says:

"It is the truth that brought me salvation, and as such I am determined to speak nothing but the truth in future."


The above story brings out the following salient characteristics of the Muslims of that time:

1. The importance of striving in the Path of Allah. Even the persons who had hitherto faithfully participated in every expedition, had to bear the Prophet's (SAW) anger when they failed to respond to Allah's call even though for the first time in their lives.

2. Their devotion and obedience to the Prophet (SAW). For full fifty days the whole Muslim community, even their nearest and dearest, would not speak to the three persons, in obedience to the Prophet's (SAW) orders. The three persons themselves went most steadfastly through the ordeal imposed on them.

3. Their strong faith. Ka'ab was so much perturbed when he received the letter from the Christian King, exciting him against the Prophet (SAW). His words and his action at that time are a testimony to the strong faith in his heart.

Let us search our hearts and see how much devotion we have in them for the observance of the duties we owe to Islam. Leaving aside Zakat and Hajj, which involve the sacrifice of money, take the case of Solat alone, which is the most important pillar of Islam after Imaan. How many of us are particular about it?

This long story from Hadith always moves me to tears. Even when writing it too. May Allah SWT make this beneficial for our salvation away from Jahannam. Ameen.

Ammar bin Yasir RA & His Parents

Ammar RA and his parents were subjected to the severest afflictions through their lives in the path of embracing Islam and holding tight to its ropes. They were tormented on the scorching desert sands of Makkah. The Prophet Muhammad SAW while passing by them would enjoin patience giving them glad tidings about Paradise.

Ammar's father - Yasir RA died after prolonged sufferings at the hands of persecutors, whilst Ammar's mother Sumayyah RA was killed by Abu Jahl, who put a spear through the most private part of her body, which caused her death. Sumayyah RA had refused to renounce Islam in the face of terrible torture even in her old age. The blessed lady was the first to meet martyrdom in the cause of Islam.

The first mosque ever built in Islam was made by Ammar RA. When the Prophet Muhammad SAW emigrated to Madinah, Ammar RA offered to build a structure for the Prophet SAW where he could sit, take rest in the afternoon, and say his Solat under its roof. Ammar RA first collected the stones and then built the masjid in Quba. Today any visitor to Madinah will usually not miss the opportunity to visit this mosque, which is at the outskirts of Madinah.

Ammar bin Yasir RA fought against the enemies of Islam with great zeal and courage. Once he was fighting in a battle when he said rejoicingly: "I am to meet my friends very soon - I am to meet Muhammad SAW and his companions." (At that time the Prophet SAW had already passed away.)

He then asked for some water. He was offered some milk. Ammar RA took it and said: "I heard the Prophet (SAW) saying to me, "Milk shall be the last drink of your worldly life."

Ammar bin Yasir RA then fought till he met his coveted end. He was then aged about ninety-four years of age.

The above quick summary of the life of Ammar bin Yasir RA and his family RA displays just one example of how the Sahabah RA lived their lives in the struggle to please Allah SWT. In youth they were busy in the cause for Deen, and so in their old age. Such preserved stories are for us to take heed, and so that we realise what actually is the benchmark left by the noble Companions of Rasulullah SAW.

The Wedding Of Fatimah RA

Fatimah RA is the youngest daughter of our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW.

Out of all the children, she was the closest to him (SAW).

The Prophet Muhammad SAW said:

"The Queen of the Ladies in Jannah is Fatimah."

He (SAW) also said:

"Fatimah is part of my body. Whoever grieves her, grieves me."


When Fatimah RA reached the age of fifteen, proposals for her marriage began to come from high and responsible families. But the Prophet SAW remained irresponsive.

Saiyidina Ali RA, who was 21 years of age at that time, says:

"It occurred to me that I should go and make a formal proposal, but then I thought, 'How could this be accomplished, for I possess nothing.' At last, encouraged by the Prophet's (SAW) kindness, I went to him and expressed my intention to marry Fatimah (RA). The Prophet (SAW) was extremely pleased and asked, 'Ali! Do you possess anything to give her in Mahr?' I replied, 'Apart from a horse and an armour I possess nothing.' The Prophet (SAW) said, 'A soldier must, of course, have his horse. Go and sell away your armour.'

So, Ali (RA) went and sold his armour to Uthmaan (RA) for 480 Dirham and presented it to Rasulullah (SAW). Bilal (RA) was ordered by the Prophet (SAW) to bring some perfume and a few other things and Anas (RA) was sent to call Abu Bakr (RA), Uthmaan (RA), Talhah (RA), Zubayr (RA) with some companions from the Ansar (RA).

When these men arrived and had taken their seats, the Prophet (SAW) recited the Khutbah (sermon) of Nikah and gave Fatimah (RA) in marriage to Ali (RA).

He (SAW) announced:

"Bear you all witness that I have given my daughter Fatimah in marriage to Ali for 400 Mithqaal of silver and Ali has accepted."

He (SAW) then raised his head and made Du'a saying:

"O Allah, create love and harmony between these two. Bless them and bestow upon them good children."

After the Nikah, dates were distributed. When the time came for Fatimah (RA) to go to Ali's (RA) house, she was sent without any clamour, hue and cry accompanied by Umm Ayman (RA).

After Isya' Solat, the Prophet (SAW) went to their house, took permission and entered. He asked for a basin of water, put his blessed hands into it and sprinkled it on both Ali (RA) and Fatimah (RA) and made du'a for them.

The sovereign of both worlds - Rasulullah SAW gave his beloved daughter a silver bracelet, two Yemeni sheets, four mattresses, one blanket, one pillow, one cup, one hand-grinding mill, one bedstead, a small water skin and a leather pitcher.

In this simple fashion, the wedding of the daughter of the leader of the worlds was solemnised. In following this Sunnah method, a wedding becomes very simple and easy to fulfill.


LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE ABOVE MENTIONED MARRIAGE

1. The many customs as regards to engagement functions are contrary to the Sunnah. In fact, many are against the Shari'ah and are regarded sins. A verbal proposal and answer is sufficient.

2. To unnecessarily delay Nikah of both the boy and the girl after having reached the age of marriage is incorrect.

3. There is nothing wrong in inviting one's close associates for the occasion of Nikah. However, no special pains should be taken in gathering the people from far off places.

4. It is appropriate that the bridegroom be a few years older than the bride.

5. If the father of the girl is an Aalim or is pious and capable of performing Nikah, then he should himself solemnise the marriage.

6. It is better to give the Mahr Faatimi and one should endeavour to do so. But if one does not have the means then there is nothing wrong in giving less.

7. It is totally un-Islamic for those, who do not possess the means, to incur debts in order to have grandiose extravagant weddings.

8. It is fallacy to think that one's respect will be lost if one does not hold an extravagant wedding and invite many people. What is our respect compared to that of Rasulullah SAW?

9. The present day practice of the intermingling of sexes is an act of sin and totally against Shari'ah.

10. There is nothing such as engagement parties or things of the like in Islam.

11. Great care must be taken as regards to Solat on occasions of marriage by all - the bride, the bridegroom and all the participants.

12. It is un-Islamic to display the bride on stage.

13. The unnecessary expenses incurred by the bride's family in holding a feast has no basis in Shari'ah.

14. For the engaged couple to meet at a public gathering where the boy holds the girl's hand and slips a ring on her finger is a violation of the Qur'anic Law of Hijaab.

15. It is un-Islamic and Haraam to assume that the engaged couple can meet each other and also go out together.

16. Three things should be borne in mind when giving one's daughter gifts and presents at the time of Nikah:
(a) Presents should be given within one's means (it is not permissible to take loans, on interest for such presents)
(b) To give necessary & useful items
(c) A show should not be made of whatever is given.

17. It is Sunnat for the bridegroom's family to make Walimah. Note: In Walimah, whatever is easily available should be fed to the people and care should be taken that the is no extravagance, show and that no debts are incurred in the process.

18. To delay Nikah after the engagement is un-Islamic.


It is un-Islamic and frowned upon to:
(a) Displaying the bride / bridegroom on stage
(b) Invite guests for the wedding from far off places
(c) Receiving guests in the hall
(d) The bride's family / people incurring unnecessary expenses by holding a feast which has no basis in Shari'ah. We should remember that Walimah is the feast arranged by the BRIDEGROOM after the marriage is consummated.
(e) It is contrary to Sunnah and wrong to wish, hope for or even more stupid and pathetic to demand specific presents and gifts from the bridegroom.

Nabi Muhammad SAW did not give Saiyidina Ali RA anything except Du'a.

The Great Battle Of Badr - A Brief Account

Life in Makkah was becoming unbearable for the Muslims. The disbelievers were not allowing them to worship Allah, and were torturing them. The Prophet SAW, decided to migrate with his companions to Madinah, fleeing the oppression of Quraysh. They left Makkah in secret, leaving behind their property and their money.

The disbelievers in Makkah were very annoyed by this successful migration. They then confiscated everything the Muslims left in Makkah, and used their moneys to equip their caravans with goods to be sold in Syria.

Back in Madinah, the Muslims were thinking of a way to get their property back.

"We cannot accept this injustice anymore, we must get our money back by any means," one of the companions said.

"Let us intercept one of their caravans and get back some of our wealth," another companion said.

However, at that time, the Muslims were weak, and not well equipped to fight the Quraysh tribes. Moreover, the Prophet SAW, would not take such an action until Allah allowed him to do so.

Then one day he received the revelation from Allah, saying:

"To those Muslims against whom war is waged, permission is given to fight, because they are wronged, and surely Allah is able to give them victory." (Surah 22: Ayat 39)

When the Prophet SAW got the news that a caravan of the Quraysh tribe was coming from Syria full of goods, in the direction of Makkah, he (SAW) addressed his companions saying:

"Here is the caravan of the Quraysh tribe carrying their wealth with it. Go and intercept it for Allah may give it to you as a booty."

On the eighth day of Ramadhan, the Muslims gathered a small army comprised of 314 men, 70 camels and only two horses.

The Prophet SAW and his companions took turns riding the camels, marching towards Badr. Most caravans stop at Badr, a location halfway between Makkah and Madinah, to drink from the wells and rest their mounts. Abu Sufyan, the leader of the caravan coming from Syria, was informed that Muhammad (SAW) and his army had set out to intercept him. He dispatched a messenger to Makkah to tell his people of the imminent danger and to call upon them to come to his help. When the messenger of Abu Sufyan reached Makkah, he turned the saddle of his camel upside down, tore his clothes, and shouted, "The caravan! The caravan! Your goods with Abu Sufyan has been intercepted by Muhammad (SAW) and his companions. It may be too late to save it. Help! Help!"

The news hit the people of Makkah like a thunderbolt. The disbelievers were greatly shocked. Immediately, they decided to prepare a great army to fight the Muslims. All the tribes supplied men, money, and equipment. They gathered an army of 1300 men strong, 100 horses and a great number of camels. They marched forth toward Badr, boiling with anger.

Meanwhile, Abu Sufyan reached the vicinity of Badr. There he met a Bedouin whom he asked if he had seen an army. The man answered that he came across nobody except two riders on the hill nearby. Abu Sufyan rushed to the place, there he found a datestone which he examined carefully. He exclaimed: "By Allah! This is the feed which the people of Madinah give to their animals." He knew that the Muslims were not far away. He changed his course towards the west coast, escaping the Muslim army. When he was sure he was completely out of danger, Abu Sufyan dispatched a messenger to inform the disbelievers of Quraysh that he no longer needed their help.

However, Abu Jahl, a sworn enemy of the Prophet SAW, refused to return to Makkah and insisted that the army march up to Badr. He said with great arrogance: "By Allah, we will not turn back until we get to Badr. There we will stay for three days, slaughter animals, have a feast, drink wine and have the girls sing for us. All of Arabia shall hear of our march, our strength and shall afterwards respect us. Let us march on!" Their army was indeed the greatest ever witnessed by Arabia. Abu Jahl saw in this a golden opportunity to humiliate the Muslims, and if they engaged in fighting, to exterminate Muhammad SAW and his companions, and with them the whole religion of Islam.

The news of the caravan's escape and the advance of the disbelievers' army reached the Prophet SAW. It was alarming news, for the Muslim army was no match to the huge and well equipped army of Quraysh. The Prophet SAW, needed to consult with his companions before making any decisions. The Muhajireen were eager to fight the disbelievers. Their leader, al-Miqdad ibn 'Amr RA said to the Prophet SAW:

"If you bid us, we will follow you to the extremity of the earth and fight with you until your goal is reached!"

The Prophet SAW, was pleased by his answer, however the Muhajireen were a small division of the army. The Prophet SAW needed to know the opinion of the Ansar. Besides, the Ansar had pledged to protect the Prophet SAW as long as he remained in Madinah and were not obliged to fight outside it. At this point, Saad ibn Muath RA, the leader of the Ansar said to the Prophet:

"We have believed in you and regard you as the true Messenger of Allah. We bear witness that what you have been given is the Truth, and on this we have given you our binding promise to hear and obey. March on as you desire and we are with you. By Allah, if you ask us to wade through the sea we will wade through with you, and not one of us will stay behind. Perhaps Allah will show you from us what will please you. March on with us!"

The Prophet SAW, was greatly pleased by Saad's words and issued orders for the army to march on towards the wells of Badr. They encamped near Badr and the Prophet SAW himself sent a patrol to inquire about the position of the enemy. The patrol brought two boys to the Prophet SAW, who questioned them about the enemy's army. The boys told him they were beyond the sand dune on the other bank of the valley, that they were a huge army, so huge that they slaughter ten camels every day to feed the men. The Prophet SAW, turned towards his commanders and said:

"Makkah has thrown to you her most precious treasures!" Meaning their best men.

On the 16th day of Ramadhan, the Prophet SAW, moved to the wells of Badr and encamped there. One of his (SAW) commanders, al-Hubab ibn al-Munthir RA who was a military expert said:

"May I suggest that we march on with the army and capture the source of water supplies nearest the enemy camp. We shall stay there, destroy all the other wells, and dig a tank near the remaining well to collect water. We would have enough water to drink while our enemy would have none."

The Prophet SAW took the advice of al-Hubab RA and camped at the place he selected. Then Saad ibn Muath RA built a hut on a raised ground for the Prophet, so that he can guide the army. The Prophet himself made sure that his men were ready for the battle. He gave them the orders that they should not be the first to start the fight. The two armies advanced to meet each other. The situation grew very serious and the shadow of death hung over the valley. The Prophet SAW, knew that on the outcome of this battle hung the fate of the Muslims and the religion of Islam. It was a battle between Islam and disbelief, between the Truth and falsehood.

Rasulullah SAW knelt down and implored Allah, saying:

"O Allah! Should this group of Muslims perish, there will be none left to worship You on earth."


The first among the Muslims to engage in fighting was Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib RA, the Prophet's uncle, killing a disbeliever who tried to reach the water tank to destroy it. That was the spark that started the battle. Three men among the best Quraysh warriors advanced between the two armies and challenged three Muslims to single combat. Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib RA, Ali ibn Abi Talib RA and Ubaidah ibn al-Harith RA among the Muslims advanced. Hamzah RA and Ali RA killed their opponents in no time, while Ubaidah RA and his opponent dealt to each other a fatal blow.

Enraged by this defeat, the Quraysh army showered the Muslims with arrows, then rushed forward brandishing their swords. They attacked in waves and lost a large number of their men, but were unable to break the Muslim lines. Holding their ground, the Muslims waited until their enemy spent its force, then they counter attacked swiftly with all their strength, carrying away before them the enemies.

The Prophet SAW, was leading the Muslims, fighting bravely in the front ranks and reciting the Qur'an at the same time. Suffering a great loss, the army of Quraysh fled before the Muslims, who chased them and took many prisoners. But Abu Jahl, would not admit defeat. He tried to reorganize his broken army, but they fled in disarray, leaving him with a group of spearmen to guard him. This did not deter Muath ibn Amr RA from getting at Abu Jahl, and hitting him with his sword, then another companion transfixed Abu Jahl with his lance and killed him.

It was a crushing defeat inflicted to the disbelievers who lost 70 of their best men, including 20 of their chiefs. Seventy others were taken prisoners. Fourteen Muslims died in this battle. The news of the Muslim victory reached the people in Madinah who rejoiced greatly. Yet they could not believe their eyes when, on the 23rd of Ramadhan, the Prophet SAW and his companions entered the city triumphantly, dragging along seventy prisoners.

That was the Great Battle of Badr, which took place in Ramadhan. No other battle was more decisive in the history of Islam. Before it, Muslims were weak and constantly persecuted by their enemies. After it, they emerged as one powerful nation to be reckoned with, all by the Grace of Allah, Who is Able over all things.

Young Marriage Of Aishah RA - A Brief Explanation

Our beloved Ummul Mu'mineen, Aishah RA was nine years of age at the time of the consummation of her marriage with Rasulullah SAW. This is proved from dozens of different authentic ahadith, narrated from many different Sahabah RA.

There is absolutely no reason for any Muslim to try to deny or feel apologetic for the marriage of Aishah RA at this young age. The women of that time would mature much quicker, thus once she matured, her marriage was consummated. This is the belief of all Muslims.